Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a court source 

This is a sortable table of documents used in legal proceedings that have cited Wikipedia as a source. This may also include important regulatory or administrative government decisions, as well as landmark decisions in other languages than English.


Country/
Organisation
Court/
Body
Date Case/
Link
Cited article Remarks/
Quotes
 United States United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit 2008-08-29 Badasa v. Mukasey See Wired article.
 Germany Federal Patent Court 2007-11-27 33 W (pat) 99/07 FTSE All-Share Index
 Israel Small claims court, Petah Tikva 2007-10-28 Bar-Ziv vs. Peled Citing the whole first paragraph of the Hebrew Wikipedia article on electronic spam: he:Spam_(electronic) First known citation in Israeli jurisprudence.
 Canada Court of Appeal for Ontario 2007-10-22 R. v. Budd Trust Cited by the trial judge of first instance.
 Australia Supreme Court of Victoria 2007-10-17 Timoney Technology Limited & Anor v ADI Ltd Bushmaster IMV "This case is not the appropriate vehicle to determine whether or to what extent information appearing on a Wikipedia website may be admissible in evidence."
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-10-17 Formula One Licensing B.V. v. Racing-Live S.A. "The applicant filed abundant material (listed above) with a view to proving that 'F1', far from being a trade mark, is a descriptive indication identifying a type of motor racing event. A significant part of the evidence comes from Wikipedia."
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-10-16 Case no. 071516093 Homosexuality in India Cited by the applicant.
 United States Wisconsin Court of Appeals 2007-10-16 Godoy v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Lead#Processing of metal from ore
 United States United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit 2007-10-12 U.S. v. Balduza PIT maneuver
(accessed Sept 20, 2007)
 United States United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 2007-10-10 Lennon v. Metro. Life Ins. Co. Blood alcohol
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-10-03 CBS Worldwide Inc. v. Funkwerk plettac electronic GmbH CBS, CBS Evening News, Orbit News, Sky News, de:Der Preis ist heiß, de:Columbia Broadcasting System Cited by CBS.
 Australia IP Australia 2007-10-02 Sanofi-Aventis Lydia Pinkham, Lily the Pink (song) Cited by the applicant.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-09-27 Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc.
(Case R 708/2006-4)
Spectrogram, Tarzan "Again within the ambit of Article 74 (1) CTMR, the Board has considered the references in the 'Wikipedia' article ..."
 India Supreme Court of India 2007-09-26 Commissioner of Customs, New Delhi v. C-Net Communication (I) Pvt. Ltd Decoder
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-09-25 Hedge Invest SGR P.A. v. BI Management A/S Hedge fund
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-09-24 Case no. 071637020 Young Communist League, Nepal
(as of May 31, 2007)
 Australia IP Australia 2007-09-20 Apple Computer Inc USB
 Canada Public Service Labour Relations Board 2007-09-20 Cox v. Vezina Mobbing Cited by the complainant.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-09-18 Visual Finder, S.L. v. Lilly Software Associates, Inc Visual programming language Cited by the applicant.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-09-19 Axel Springer AG v. Jerome Russell Cosmetics (USA) Inc. Bild-Zeitung Cited by the opponent.

"(...) a genuine reputation of the sign has not been proved. In particular, the opponent did not file any documents from independent sources, such as for example market surveys carried out by third specialised companies. The Annual Report comes from the opponent itself, and the Wikipedia extract cannot be properly considered as an "independent source", taking into account that it is an online encyclopaedia open for editing to everyone, collaboratively written by many of its readers."

 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-09-16 CSFB Holt, LLC
(Case R 390/2007-1
Cash flow return on investment Cited by the applicant.

"Most of the internet references are connected to the applicant (firms that use CFROI with the applicant's consent) or of uncertain reliability, such as Wikipedia (an online encyclopedia that any person can edit) ..."

 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Cancellation Division 2007-09-11 Cervecería Argentina S.A. Isenbeck v. Cervecería y Maltería Quilmas S.A.I.C.A. y G. Patagonia, Río Negro (Argentina) Cited by the applicant.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-09-10 Reuters Financial Software, s.a. v. Investors Bank & Trust Co. FOREX
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-09-07 Montebello, S.R.L. v. Bodegas Montebello, S.A. Fino Cited by the applicant.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-09-06 Starbucks Co.
(Case R 527/2007-2)
Hear Music Cited by the applicant.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-08-31 Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn. Bhd. v. Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH Fuel cell
 Australia Federal Court of Australia 2007-08-31 SZIYI v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship "The learned Federal Magistrate also rejected the appellant's complaints in his written submissions that information relied upon by the Tribunal was obtained from the Wikipedia website on the internet and was therefore unreliable. She held the complaint to be misconceived. The Tribunal had identified the independent information to which it had regard and the source of that information. It was not confined to material obtained from Wikipedia but included information from various other human rights sources. There was therefore no failure to comply with the requirements of s 424A(1) of the Act simply because the Tribunal had regard to independent information."
 United States Court of Appeals of Maryland 2007-08-24 Atty. Griev. Comm'n v. Siskind Opposite day
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 2007-08-23 Zeiler v. Deitsch Jewish law
(accessed Aug 1, 2007)
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-08-21 Case no. 071512328 Andijan massacre
 Chile Santiago Court of Appeals 2007-08-20 Constructora Salfa S.A. ./. Cruz
(rol D-4318/2002)
es:Decibelio First known citation in Chilean jurisprudence.
 Australia Queensland Body Corporate and Community Management Commissioner 2007-08-14 Thornton Tower Kiosk
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-08-10 EXCELENTISIMA DIPUTACION PROVINCIAL DE ZARAGOZA v. GLOBAL PLASTICS INT. Side arms
 Australia Federal Court of Australia 2007-08-09 Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd v IceTV Pty Ltd List of Seinfeld episodes Cited by one of the parties.
 United States Alaska Court of Appeals 2007-08-08 Denkinger v. State Seine (fishing)
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-08-01 Sony Co.
(Case R 291/2007-2
Memory Stick
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-08-01 The Concentrate Manufacturing Company of Ireland v. Gonzalez Byass, S.A. Manzanilla Cited by the opponent.
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 2007-07-31 Boim v. Fulton County Sch. Dist. School shooting
(accessed July 11, 2007)
 United States Alaska Court of Appeals 2007-07-25 Stevens v. Matanuska-Susitna Borough Chippendales dancers
 Canada Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal 2007-07-12 Decision No. 1344/07 Orthotics "I placed little weight on this evidence since it was unauthenticated by a professional. As I understand it, the content placed on Wikipedia can be edited by any user and thus is not reliable for accurate information, especially with regard to questions of medical causation."
 Australia Supreme Court of Victoria 2007-07-03 DPP v Dupas Peter Dupas Cited by the defence.

"The defence has applied for a permanent stay of proceedings on the ground of irremediable prejudice such as would preclude the accused having a fair trial on the charge preferred against him. Essentially the defence admission is that the 'ubiquity and pervasiveness' of the accused's reputation as a serial killer is such that no fair trial can now be had."

 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2007-07-02 Lands Council v. McNair Derrick Jensen
 United States Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals 2007-06-29 Litva v. Vill. of Richmond Lost Liberty Hotel (accessed April 19, 2007)
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 2007-06-29 Sedrakyan v. Gonzales Yerevan
(accessed June 20, 2007)
 Australia Queensland Body Corporate and Community Management Commissioner 2007-06-26 Case no. 0237-2007 Latticework
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-06-25 Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare (UK) Ltd. v. Microfood Poland Sp. z.o.o. Ester
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-06-20 Case no. 071295385 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-06-19 Primavera Life GmbH v. S.A. Spa Monopole N.V. SPA
 United Kingdom UK Intellectual Property Office 2007-06-14 Formula One Licensing BV v. Racing-Live Formula One (accessed May 16, 2006), Formula One engines (accessed December 19, 2005), Formula A (accessed June 12, 2006), Formula 3000 (accessed June 12, 2006), Category:Racing formulas "The evidence from Wikipedia deals essentially with the history and background of F1 racing, nothing particularly controversial. Wikipedia has sometimes suffered from the self-editing that is intrinsic to it, giving rise at times to potentially libellous statements. However, inherently, I cannot see that what is in Wikipedia is any less likely to be true than what is published in a book or on the websites of news organisations. Mr McLeod did not express any concerns about the Wikipedia evidence. I consider that the evidence from Wikipedia can be taken at face value."
 Australia Federal Magistrates Court of Australia 2007-06-13 MZXMM v. Minister for Immigration Armenian Apostolic Church Thorough discussion of the reliability of wikipedia:

"Whilst Wikipedia and the web site which is the subject of the present application which is a branch of Wikipedia may loosely be described as an 'information source', the unreliability of that information for the reasons given renders it an irrelevant source. By relying upon it the Tribunal has committed jurisdictional error."

 United States United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 2007-06-12 U.S. v. Calabrese Chicago Outfit
(accessed June 1, 2007)
 United States United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 2007-06-08 Tandia v. Gonzales Kaédi
(accessed May 21, 2007)
 Canada Court of Quebec 2007-06-04 Chéné c. Simard Document
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-05-31 TridonicAtco GmbH & Co. KG
(Case R 108/2007-2)
Friutless search for "Intelligent Voltage Guard" Cited by the applicant. An appeal (T-0297/07) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-05-31 Case no. 071176241 Extradition
 United States Texas Court of Appeals 2007-05-24 Freeman v. State Dallas County, Texas#Demographics
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-05-23 American-Cigarette Company (Overseas) Ltd. v. Philip Morris Products S.A. Tobacco
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-05-23 Huesker Synthetic GmbH v. DIFEL MÁRMOL, S.L. Building material The board comments the reliance on Wikipedia in the contested decision in the of 2005-12-19 (see infra):

"After repeating the goods of the conflicting trade marks in issue, the Opposition Division defined the term 'building materials'. It referred to a definition taken from some 'Wikipedia' page which seems to be excessively broad, which nevertheless remained uncontested by the parties."

 United States Supreme Court of Louisiana 2007-05-22 State v. Kenedy Capital punishment in the United States (accessed Feb 21, 2007)
 Australia Federal Magistrates Court of Australia 2007-05-17 SZIYI v. Minister for Immigration Unsuccessful complaint by one of the parties about the first court's reliance on Wikipedia:

"The Tribunal identified the independent information to which it had regard and the source of that information. It was not confined to material obtained from Wikipedia. It included information from various other human rights sources..."

 Australia Administrative Appeals Tribunal 2007-05-16 Re Fairhall Therapeutic jurisprudence
(accessed Feb 15, 2007)
 United States Superior Court of Connecticut 2007-05-10 In re Alex O. Hair drug testing
 Australia Federal Magistrates Court of Australia 2007-05-10 Thongsuk v. Minister for Immigration Chef Cited by one of the parties.
 Australia Federal Magistrates Court of Australia 2007-05-09 SZJTD v Minister for Immigration Indian National Lok Dal
(accessed July 9, 206)
Cited by the court of first instance.
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 2007-05-07 Courtney v. Halleran Savings and Loan crisis
(accessed April 24, 2007)
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 2007-05-04 Matthews v. Ishee Sarcasm
(accessed March 23, 2007)
 Canada Federal Court 2007-05-04 Hassaballa v. Minister for Citizenship and Immigration Cites the reservations against the use of Wikipedia from Fi v. Canada (see below).
 Switzerland Swiss Federal Supreme Court 2007-05-03 BGE I 871/06 de:Volleyball First citation by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.
 Australia Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal 2007-05-03 Boeing Australia Holdings Pty Ltd Elephant in the room
 United States Supreme Court of Michigan 2007-05-02 Rowland v. Washtenaw County Rd. Comm'n Ad hominem
(accessed March 9, 2007)
Cited in the partly concurring, partly dissenting opinion of Judge Kelly.
 Australia Workers Compensation Commission of New South Wales 2007-04-13 Electrolux Home Products Pty Ltd v. Osborne Carpal tunnel syndrome
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 2007-04-10 Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Commissioner Accrual
(accessed March 23, 2007)
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 2007-04-05 Crawford v. Marion County Election Bd. Washington gubernatorial election, 2004, Florida's 13th congressional district, Jon Tester
(accessed March 22, 2007)
 Austria Austrian Supreme Court 2007-03-29 3Ob277/06s de:Neusiedler See First citation by the Austrian Supreme Court.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-03-29 Telesis Entwicklungs- und Management GmbH v. Telesis Communications France SARL Telesis
(accessed Apr 10, 2006)
Cited by the applicant.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-03-28 E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH & Co. KG v. Level 3 Communications, Inc. The article cited by the opponent is not identified; presumably it is de:E-Plus.

"In the case at hand, to prove the higher degree of distinctiveness, the opponent merely submitted an excerpt from the online encyclopaedia "Wikipedia" to show that the opponent's company is the third largest mobile operator in Germany with more than 8.5 million subscribers as of 2004. The Office points out that this kind of evidence alone is not at all sufficient to prove a higher than normal degree of distinctiveness."

 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-03-27 Volkswagen AG v. Suzuki Motor Corp. The article cited by the applicant is not identified; presumably it is de:GTI.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-03-23 BSB Entertainment, Inc. (Case R 1633/2006-1) Bachelor's degree
 Canada Ontario Consent and Capacity Board 2007-03-22 M.L. (Re) "The self-diagnosis of his symptoms was gleaned from the Wikipedia online encyclopaedia which simplistically enabled Mr. M.L. to determine that he suffers from post traumatic stress syndrome, fictitious syndrome, disassociative syndrome or borderline personality disorder. Regrettably, Mr. M.L.'s belief that his self-diagnosis of his mental condition is to be preferred to the professional opinion of a licensed psychiatrist is compelling evidence that he fails to understand that he is ill. Therefore, the Panel concludes that Mr. M.L. lacks insight and is therefore incapable of considering information relevant to making treatment decisions."
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-03-20 FIAT S.P.A. v. R82 A/S Fiat Panda "Although the opponent could have submitted more evidence in order to show the reputation of the earlier mark, the Office finds that the abstract from Wikipedia is a strong indication of the reputation acquired by the mark "FIAT PANDA" among the general public in all the territory of the European Union."
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-03-19 Case no. 071105908 Hezbollah, Military of Lebanon#Conscription
(accessed March 8, 2007)
 Australia Administrative Appeals Tribunal 2007-03-16 Re Crook Therapeutic jurisprudence
(accessed Feb 15, 2007)
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 2007-03-13 Delisa Ross v. RJM Acquisitions Funding LLC Soundex, Approximate string matching
 Canada Quebec Superior Court 2007-03-13 Boudreau v. Violo Hedge
 Australia Migration Review Tribunal 2007-03-12 Case no. 060614374 Marriage in Pakistan
(accessed Dec 21, 2006)
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-03-07 Becker v. Harman International Industries, Inc. Becker, Barbara Becker, Family name The board is sceptical when considering the first two articles, cited by the applicant:

"However, Wikipedia is an open-source website, where anybody may submit information for publication. It is not reviewed and cannot be considered as a definitive guideline."

"Regarding the fame of the applicant, the scant evidence therefore is a very short extract from the unsubstantiated website Wikipedia, stating that the applicant 'hopes to be active as a fashion designer'. The Office, in accordance with its usual practices, cannot consider this to be adequate evidence that the applicant is 'well-known' as claimed."

As to the third article, cited by the opponent, the board has a more favorable view: "An article from Wikipedia is submitted, concerning family names in countries all over the world. It shows that there are so many differences between linguistic practices that it is obvious that one name can only be very common in one country."

An appeal (T-0212/07) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.

 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-03-05 Red Bull GmbH v. Incorporated Beverages (Jersey) Ltd. Mixed drink shooters and drink shots
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-02-28 Memetrics Holdings Pty Ltd. v. Metrics In Marketing, S.A. Metrics
 Australia Administrative Appeals Tribunal 2007-02-28,
2007-02-20
Re Collier,
Re Carter
Therapeutic jurisprudence
(accessed Feb 2007)
 United States U.S. Tax Court 2007-02-28 Michael Ferguson v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Video poker, Expected value, Progressive jackpot
 United Kingdom Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service 2007-02-27 Clark Equipment Co. v. Hamlen Bobcat Cited by one of the parties.
 United States Superior Court of Connecticut 2007-02-23 In re Melody L. Hair drug testing
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 2007-02-22 Ordinalo v. Hackman Calcium oxide
(accessed Nov 29 2006)
 United States U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York 2007-02-21 Alfa Co. v. OAO Alfa Bank Transliteration of Russian into English Thorough discussion of Wikipedia as judicial source and of relevant precedent.
 United Kingdom Asylum and Immigration Tribunal 2007-02-20 MA v. Secretary of State Allenby Bridge
(accessed July 7, 2006)
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-02-19 Case no. 061020230 Jaffna
(accessed Feb 13, 2007)
 United Kingdom Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service 2007-02-16 Michael Page International v. Domain Administration Typosquatting
 Australia Federal Magistrates Court of Australia 2007-02-15 NAGG of 2002 v. Minister of Immigration Politician Cited by one of the parties.
 United States Superior Court of Connecticut 2007-02-05 Bloomdahl v. Wilf Helicopter parent
(as of 14:30, January 28, 2007)
 United States Indiana Court of Appeals 2007-02-02 Cincinnati Ins. Co. V. Davis Saddle valve
(accessed Dec 28, 2006)
 United States Washington Supreme Court 2007-02-01 Pub. Util. Dist. No. 2 of Grant County v. N. Am. Foreign Trade Zone Indus., LLC Sherlock Holmes
(as of Jan 29, 2007)
Cited in the dissenting opinion of Judge Chambers.
 United States Michigan Court of Appeals 2007-02-01 Fergison v. Stonebridge Life Ins. Co. Recreational vehicle
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-02-01 Allter, S.L. v. Alternova A/S Essential oil
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-01-30 Invensys Systems, Inc. v. 4Production AG Software suite
 United States Washington Supreme Court 2007-01-25 State of Washington v. O'Neal AR-15
(accessed Jan 23, 2007)
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals 2007-01-22 Lucasfilm Ltd. (Case R 1392/2006-2) Stormtrooper, Imperial stormtrooper
 Canada Ontario Superior Court of Justice 2007-01-19 R. v. Walkem "When one Googles the phrase 'sexually transmitted diseases' you generate in excess of a million results (...) There is virtually no limit to the amount of information that can be accessed by a university bound or partially trained person living in Toronto in the 21st Century, even without resorting to the font of all information for 20 and 30 year olds, Wikipedia."
 United States Superior Court of Delaware 2007-01-19 State v. Cooke CSI Effect
 Australia IP Australia 2007-01-18 Pioneer KK v Pioneer Computers Peripheral device
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2007-01-18 Font Vella, S.A. v. Mathlouthi es:DEA
 Canada Court of Quebec 2007-01-17 Singh v. Québec Inc. Automatic transmission "The Court wanting more information to determine whether the torque converter was part of the automatic transmission of a car consulted the Wikipedia free encyclopaedia on the web."
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-01-11 Case no. 060562872 Shan
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 2007-01-10 Gashi v. U.S. AG Wikipedia:Introduction
 United States U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 2007-01-09 U.S. v.Radomski Andrew Golota
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2007-01-09 Case no. 060837625 Elie Hobeika
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2006-12-14 Case no. 060748603 Tibetan Buddhism
(accessed Nov 15, 2006)
"As a starting point, the Tribunal referred to Wikipedia..."
Flag of Europe European Patent Organisation Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office 2006-12-13 Rhein Chemie Rheinau v. Bridgestone Co.
(T 0630/04)
Carbon black Cited by one of the parties.
 Canada Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta 2006-12-05 Build-A-Vest Structures Inc. v. Red Deer (City) Funeral home
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2006-12-04 Mediatek Inc. v. Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor device
 United Kingdom Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service 2006-12-04 National Coll for School Leadership Ltd. v. Allan Typosquatting
 Australia Refugee Review Tribunal 2006-11-29 Case no. 060860015 Khon Kaen Province
(accessed Nov 22, 2006)
 Australia Administrative Appeals Tribunal 2006-11-28 MacDonald and Comcare Ataxia Cited by one of the parties.
 European Union Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions 2006-11-15 Kaman Music Corp. v. Mühlbauer Jam block