1860 state leaders - Events of 1861 - 1862 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834-1867)
• Buganda - Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856-1884)
• Bunyoro - Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852-1869)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
• Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
• Ethiopia - Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855-1868)
• Liberia - Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia (1856-1864)
• Rwanda - Kigeli IV, King of Rwanda (1853-1895)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Ahmad bin Atiku, Sokoto Caliph (1859-1866)
  • Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
• Zanzibar - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856-1870)
• Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840-1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Dost Mohammad Khan, King of Afghanistan (1843-1863)
• China
  • Qing Dynasty
    1. - Xianfeng, Emperor of China (1850-1861)
    2. - Tongzhi, Emperor of China (1861-1875)
  • Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping - Hong Xiuquan, King of Heaven (1851-1864)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846-1867)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Iemochi, Shogun of Japan (1858-1866)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Cheoljong, King of Joseon (1849-1864)
• Oman - Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1856-1866)

Europe

• Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822-1864)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831-1865)
  • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847-1852, 1857-1868)
• Denmark -
  • Monarch - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848-1863)
  • Prime Minister - Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1860-1863)
• France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852-1870)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861-1878)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Conte di Cavour, Prime Minister of Italy (1861)
    2. Bettino Ricasoli, Prime Minister of Italy (1861-1862)
• German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850-1866)
  • Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848-1916)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
    • Prime Minister - Victor, Baron de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1860-1867)
  • Prussia -
    • Monarch -
      1. Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840-1861)
      2. Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-1888)
    • Regent -
      1. Prince Wilhelm, Regent of Prussia (1858-1861)
      2. became King
    • Prime Minister - Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Minister-President of Prussia (1858-1862)
  • Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848-1864)
  • Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854-1873)
  • Hanover - George, King of Hanover (1851-1866)
  • Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816-1864)
• Hungary - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848-1916)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Floris Adriaan van Hall, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1853-1857, 1860-1861)
    2. Jacob van Zuylen van Nyevelt, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861)
    3. Schelto van Heemstra, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861-1862)
• Portugal -
  1. Pedro V, King of Portugal (1853-1861)
  2. Luis, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
• Romania - Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859-1866)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
• Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September 29, 1833-1868)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859-1872)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901)
  • Prime Minister - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859-1865)

Middle East and North Africa

• Egypt - Said, Governor of Egypt (1854-1863)
• Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859-1873)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch -
    1. Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839-1861)
    2. Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Kibrisli Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1860-1861)
    2. Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861)
    3. Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861-1863)

North America

• Province of Canada:
  1. Sir Edmund Walker Head, Governor of the Province of Canada (1854–1861)
  2. The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor of the Province of Canada (1861–1867)
• Confederate States of America - Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865)
• Costa Rica - José María Montealegre Fernández, President of Costa Rica (1859–1863)
• Mexico: Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1861–1863)
• United States of America:
  1. James Buchanan, President of the United States (1857–1861)
  2. Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States (1861–1865)

Oceania

• Hawaii - Kamehameha IV, King of Hawaii (1854-1863)
• Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860-1880)
• Tonga - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845-1893)

South America

• Argentina
  1. Santiago Derqui, President of Argentina (1860-1861)
  2. Juan Esteban Pedernera, President of Argentina (1861)

• Bolivia
  1. José María Linares Lizarazu, President of Bolivia (1857-1861)
  2. José María Achá Valiente, President of Bolivia (1861-1864)

• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831-1889)
• Chile
  1. Manuel Montt Torres, President of Chile (1851-1861)
  2. José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano, President of Chile (1861-1871)
• Ecuador - Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador (1859-1865)

• Grenadine Confederation
  1. Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Grenadine Confederation (1858-1861)
  2. Julio Arboleda, President of Grenadine Confederation (1861-1862)
• Paraguay - Carlos Antonio López, President of Paraguay (1844-1862)

• Peru - Ramón Castilla, President of Peru (1855-1862)
• Uruguay - Bernardo Berro, President of Uruguay (1860-1864)
• Venezuela
  1. Manuel Felipe Tovar, President of Venezuela (1859-1861)
  2. Pedro Gual, President of Venezuela (1861)
  3. José Antonio Páez, President of Venezuela (1861-1863)