The term Hessian refers to the inhabitants of the German state of Hesse.

Hessian may also mean:

• Hessian (soldiers), soldiers from German states with-in the Holy Roman Empire who fought in the American Revolutionary War and other conflicts
• Hessian dialects, West Central German group of dialects
• Hessian (protocol), a binary protocol for web services developed by Caucho Technology
• Hessian (boot), knee-high tasseled boot worn by military officers in Victorian-era England
• Hessian matrix, in mathematics, the matrix of all second partial derivatives of a function of several real variables
• Hessian Fly, a significant cereal pest
• Hessian (Cloth), coarse woven material (chiefly United Kingdom and Ireland), akin to Burlap (chiefly North American)
• Hessian (heavy metal), people with an affinity for hardcore 80's speed metal, typically with mullet-style haircuts (chiefly North American)

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