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Fishery |
| fisheries & fishing |
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| fisheries |
| management |
| aquaculture |
| farming |
| wild |
| krill |
| kelp |
| eels |
| shrimp |
| shoaling |
| migration |
| sardine run |
| fish ladder |
| fish types |
| habitats |
| science |
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| whirling disease |
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| glossary |
| I N D E X |
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Generally, a fishery is a unit, engaged in raising and/or harvesting fish, which is determined by an authority or other entity to be a fishery. Typically, the unit is defined in terms of the following: people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats and purpose of the activities.12
In particular, the term is often applied to a combination of fish and fishers in a region, the latter fishing for similar species with similar gear types.3
A fishery may involve the capture of wild fish or raising fish through aquaculture.2 4
Contents |
Fisheries are harvested for their value (commercial, recreational or subsistence). They can be saltwater or freshwater, wild or farmed. Examples are the salmon fishery of Alaska, the cod fishery off the Lofoten islands, the tuna fishery of the Eastern Pacific, or the shrimp farm fisheries in China.
Most fisheries are marine, rather than freshwater; most marine fisheries are based near the coast. This is not only because harvesting from relatively shallow waters is easier than in the open ocean, but also because fish are much more abundant near the coastal shelf, due to coastal upwelling and the abundance of nutrients available there. However, productive wild fisheries also exist in open oceans, particularly by seamounts, and inland in lakes and rivers.
Most fisheries are wild fisheries, but increasingly fisheries are farmed. Farming can occur in coastal areas, such as with oyster farms,7 but more typically occur inland, in lakes, ponds, tanks and other enclosures.
There are species fisheries worldwide for finfish, mollusks and crustaceans, and by extension, aquatic plants such as kelp. However, a very small number of species support the majority of the world’s fisheries. Some of these species are herring, cod, anchovy, tuna, flounder, mullet, squid, shrimp, salmon, crab, lobster, oyster and scallops. All except these last four provided a worldwide catch of well over a million tonnes in 1999, with herring and sardines together providing a harvest of over 22 million metric tons in 1999. Many other species as well are harvested in smaller numbers.
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