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Finno-Ugric peoples |
The term Finno-Ugric peoples is used to describe peoples speaking a Finno-Ugric language. The subgroups include Finnic peoples and Ugric peoples. They are a subgroup of Uralic peoples.
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The four largest Finno-Ugric peoples are Hungarians (14,800,000), Finns (6,000,000-7,000,000), Mordvins (1,200,000), and Estonians (1,100,000). Three of them (Hungarians, Finns, and Estonians) have their independent states - Hungary, Finland, and Estonia. The traditional area of the indigenous Sámi people is in Northern Fenno-Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula in Northwest Russia and is known as Sápmi. Some other Finno-Ugric peoples have autonomous republics in Russia: Karelians (Republic of Karelia), Komi (Komi Republic), Udmurts (Udmurt Republic), Mari (Mari El Republic), and Mordvins (Moksha and Erzya; Republic of Mordovia). Khanty and Mansi peoples live in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Russia, while Komi-Permyaks live in Komi-Permyak Okrug, which formerly was an autonomous okrug of Russia, but today is a territory with special status within Perm Krai.
Finno-Ugric intercultural festivals, conferences, museums, and artistic, scholarly, and charity collaborations are present and active amongst many populations of speakers of Finno-Ugric or Uralic languages. In addition, artists and scholars from many Finno-Ugric peoples, such as Estonians, Finns, Udmurts, Mordvins (Erzya and Moksha), Maris, and others, are active in the Finno-Ugric peoples related Ethnofuturist art-based cultural and philosophical movement.
Traditional theories1 posit that contemporary speakers of Finno-Ugric languages originated from a single ancient people. Such theories are connected to the outdated thinking about heredity being the same as linguistic relatedness2. Thus these theories are rarely accepted by the modern scientific community. In fact, it has not been shown that any contemporary group originated from one single ancient people, barring the earliest humans. Like perhaps all populations, individual groups of Finno-Ugric speakers have a diverse array of cultural, environmental, and genetic influences. However, modern genetic studies have shown that the Y-chromosome haplogroup N3, and sometimes N2, having branched from haplogroup N, which, itself, probably spread north, then west and east from Northern China about 12,000–14,000 years before present from father haplogroup NO (haplogroup O being the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup in Southeast Asia), is almost specific, though certainly not restricted, to Uralic or Finno-Ugric speaking populations, especially as high frequency or primary paternal haplogroup.34
However, a more probable assessment is that Finno-Ugric peoples would not originate from a single ancient people, but tribes related to each other, when people speaking Finno-Ugric languages lived in the Ural Mountains region56.
Finno-Ugric peoples are divided into two groups - Finnic and Ugric.
Finnic group:
Ugric group:
 Finnish artist, Akseli Gallen-Kallela |
 Ingrian Finnish oral poet, Larin Paraske |
 Karelian women in Sammatus |
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 From left to right: Sven-Roald Nystø, Aili Keskitalo and Ole Henrik Magga, the second, third and first president of the Norwegian Sámi Parliament |
 Khanty women in Man uskve nomad camp, Berezovsky, Khanty-Mansia, Russia |
 Hungarian Prince Árpád is crossing the Carpathians |
 A Székely village in Romania |
 A Sami family around 1900 |
 Sami woman |
 Erzya women |
 Komi people |
 Nenets child |
 Nenets inside a tent |
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